Heating and cooling of buildings



Aug. 25, 1936. J. 1 MUSGRAVE 2,052,359

HEATING AND COLING OF yBUILDINGS A,

Filed June 26, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 l A E a F f 0 Ag- 25, 1936` J.: L. MusGRAvE v-HATING AND COOLING 0F BUILDINGS Filed June 26, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 /ILI Patented' Aug. 25, 1936 UNITED STATES HEATING AND COOLING OF PATENT' oFFlcE BUILDINGS Joseph Leslie Musgrave, London, England Application June 26, 1935, Serial No. 28,577

In Great Britain June 13, 1934 1 Claim.

emanating from the pipes through which the uid is circulated, is increased, and is more evenlyv diffused or caused to spread over the material in which thepipes are embedded sothat the heat, which radiates from or is absorbed at the surface of such material, is maintained practically at the same temperature between the rows of pipes as that adjacent to-said pipes. v

According to this invention before or after the pipes, in which the heating or cooling fluid is circulated, have been laid in position on the ,shuttering or centering upon which they are supported and prior to pouring in the concrete or other material in which they are to. 'oe embedded, I place a number of rods or strips or tubes of high conductivity at suitable intervals apart, across the rowsof pipes, and in order to ensure perfect -contact with each pipe and enable such rods or strips or tubes to' act as transverse ther-l mic conductors I secure said rods or strips or tubes to the pipes either by wiring, spot welding or by staples driven into the .shuttering" or centering or by other means. If desired the rods, tubes or strips may lie at across the upper or lower surface of the pipes in an horizontal plane or between said pipes. lOr such rodsv orl tubes may be made to partiallyor wholly wrap round the pipes. j

Figs. 9, l0 and ily show dlerent' methods of securing the rods, strips or tubes transversely across the pipes by spot welding.

Fig. l2 shows how the rods, strips or tubes :mayu

be secured transversely across the pipes by staples.

Fig. 13 shows how the rods, strips or tubes, whether straight, curved or corrugated, may be butted between adjacent pipes to which said rods are spot welded.

. around the pipes A so that the portion of each the rods B are bent so as to partially surround the.

A represents the pipes through which the heating or cooling fluid is circulated, B the rods ai' high conductivity which are secured transversely across the pipes A, -D the'concrete or other ma-N terial inY which the pipes A and rods B are embedded,- E the plaster which is laid over the surface y vof the concrete after the shuttering or centeringf is removed, and F the finishing plaster which forms the surface from which the heat radiates.

In al1 the examples illustrated I have shown 10 rods as representing the transverse thermic conductors, although strips or tubes of high conp ductivity may be employed.

Referring to Fig. 1 the rods B, which are laid iiat across the top of the pipes A and curved 15 slightly outwards between each row of pipes, arey the upper half of each pipe,.and around the lower half as shown by 6, the rods then extending centrally across between each row of pipes.

As illustrated by Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 8, the rods B are secured to the pipes A by being wrapped or wound entirely around each pipe. In the example shown by Fig, 3, the rods, after being wrapped or 4 wound round the rst pipe passes over the top of lthis`pipe to the next pipe around which it is Wound, and so on throughout the rows of pipes, whereas as shown by Fig. 4, the rods B are wound round the rst pipe and pass from the underside of this pipe around the `next pipe to the succeeding pipes in a similar manner. In the example shown by Fig. 5, the rods B are wound or wrapped rod spanning the rows of pipes lies alternately bef tween the one row horizontally with 'the topof the pipes, and between thesucc'eeding row horizontally with the underside of said pipes, but in the. example shown by Fig. 8 the rods are wound round the pipes A so as to pass` in an inclined direction alternately under and over each succeeding row 'of pipes.

In the examples illustrated by Figs. 9, 10 and Il,

pipes Apractically in a similar manner as shown by Figs. 2 and 6, but instead of the rods being fixed to the pipes by wiring, said rods are secured to the pipes A by spot welding or the like. Or the rods B may butt between adjacent pipes, as sho4 5s by Fig. 13, to each of which they are welded, and such rods may be straight, curved or corrugated.

At Fig. 12 I have shown an example oi' how the rods B may be secured to the pipes A by staples a. When the pipes are placed'in podtion on the shuttering" or centering, the rods B may either be placed horizontally acrossthe rows of pipes, or said rods may be bent to partially embrace said pipes as shown. The staples a.3 are then driven into the shuttering" or centering, thus firmly holding the rods in position, and after the concrete, in which the pipes and rods are embedded, has set and the shuttering" or -centering" removed, the ends of the staples are embeddedin the plaster E with which the surface of the concrete is covered before the finishing plaster F is laid on.

'By the use of thermic conductors arranged transversely across the pipes in which the heating or cooling fluid is caused to circulate it will beevident, as the heat or cold emanating'from such pipes is increased and is more evenly distributed or diffused between the rows oi.' pipes, that the number oi such rows of pipes overa given area abbasso l can be reduced. It is also apparent that the heat`- radiating from the surface.l of the material in which the pipes are embedded is maintained practically at the same temperature between such rows of pipe as that adjacent to said pipes. 5

What I claim as -my invention and desire to' secure by Letters Patent isz- A In a system of heating or cooling the interior of buildings, a panel structure comprising a plurality of spaced parallel pipes through which a 10 heating or cooling iiuid is circulated, a plurality o! metal elements of high thermic conductivity arranged in spaced parallel rows across and between said pipes, sa'id elements being continuous from end to end and physically contacting said 15' pipes, a plastic setting material surrounding all of said pipes and thermic conductor elements and embedding the same, a facing layer of plastic setting material disposed over the body of said first named plastic'setting material, and staples secur# 20 ing said elements to said pipes, said staples having their ends extending into and anchored in the said facing layer.

' JOSEPH LESLIE MUSGRAVE. 

